Infrastructure is not only about assembling concrete and steel; it reflects civilization and how humans adapt to the environment. This thought brought me to learn architecture in the undergraduate program at Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). In addition, the Science and Technology Subject fascinated me because it explains how we can customize our building in response to climate and achieve sustainable design. I received an excellent grade for it.
Besides studying, in my 7th semester, I started the Bank Sampah Induk Surabaya initiative project. This movement is continuously growing, and by the end of 2023, we delivered 428 tons of waste a year, having 2240 active members nationwide and employing 28 people. In addition, through this program, in 2016, I was awarded by the government of Surabaya City as a city-level environmental rescuer (Kalpaltaru) for my contribution to reducing waste and fighting poverty. A year after that, Surabaya’s Government invited us to visit Japan to learn about Japan's waste management system. In 2020, I was appointed as a representative speaker from Surabaya at the 2nd Regional Ocean Policy Dialogue: Financing Solutions to Address Marine Plastics Pollution. A prestigious event hosted by an international organization called OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). This leadership journey has shown me what is happening worldwide regarding environmental issues like how Greenhouse gases/ GHG (carbon, methane, etc.) emissions have contributed to global warming and how it can be disastrous for us.
Global warming is the main reason for climate change. It caused floods and insufficient clean water, which is predicted to force 1.2 billion people to move by 2050. Shockingly, according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 2022 Publication, Indonesia has become one of the seven biggest emitting countries globally, responsible for 2.2% of global emissions. In addition, Indonesia's building sectors contribute 40% of total global emissions nationally, with around 18% from generating electricity and air conditioning, 10% related to manufacturing construction materials, and 9% from using fossil fuels in buildings. Knowing this disturbing issue, in 2019, I joined the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MPWH) to expand my contribution.
Being assigned as an Engineer of Building and Housing at MPWH, I supervise the construction of critical public facilities such as stadiums, hospitals, and central markets. I am responsible for ensuring that those infrastructures meet the government standard. In the 2023 evaluation, I was chosen to become one of the 6 best employees over 60 of my peers. Other than that, I was offered to become PPK (Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen) and was elected to join the Career Acceleration Program for those who are projected to become one of the MPWH leaders. As an administrator in central government, I also participated in making and delivering regulations and guidance for local governments, the construction workforces, professional associations, and academicians, providing them with the latest technology in the construction industry, such as the Green Building Policy.
Green building is the rising agenda for the construction industry worldwide. Based on MPWH’s Green Building Implementation Roadmap 2023-2028, in 2030, we should reduce the GHG emissions, predicted to achieve 2.869 MtCO2e, to only 832 MtCO2e by using green building principles. It regulates the energy, water, indoor air quality, environmentally friendly materials, and waste management systems in a building. One of our projects to adopt green building principles is Pasar Pon Trenggalek. This 11.109 m2 market was designed using Building Information Modelling (BIM) and only consumes 169,9 kWh/day of energy. In contrast, the smaller market, which did not use BIM, needs up to 636,2 kWh/day of energy (Prawirotaman Market Yogyakarta, 6.180 m2). This finding made me aware that BIM is a theoretical and practical way to conserve energy as well as reduce GHG emissions in Indonesia's building sector.
The BIM method has been an emerging technology in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) Industry since 2002. It is a powerful solution for creating a sustainable design using advanced analytics to predict a building's operational performance and drive energy-water-waste efficiency. A 2020 study by the University of Alabama showed that BIM-based projects can reduce up to 57% of construction waste and save almost 58.46% of energy costs. In addition, BIM fosters a more transparent process with its CDE (Common Data Environment) feature, where stakeholders can see the whole project in the same view to save time and cost and prevent failure. BIM also provides precise real-time data through the entire project cycle, from planning to maintenance.
In December 2022, One of the Ministry’s Construction Services Agencies trained me as BIM (Building Information Modelling) Coordinator. I was selected over 278 employees in my office and plotted to be part of the new capital city (IKN) engineer specialized in BIM-related technology. These 5 days of training were evaluated by TRIMBLE Singapore, one of the prominent software developers. Unfortunately, this training did not cover all the features that BIM has. Especially the key concepts of sustainability, which will only be available when I pursue a master's degree.
73% of the world's population has already applied this method to their infrastructure projects. As for the Indonesian Government, BIM implementation has been mandatory for every state-funded project above 2.000 square since 2018. Nevertheless, the adaptation process takes work. There is a reluctance to use modern technology. Moreover, BIM Technology is expensive, especially for educating designers and providing adequate software and hardware. Access inequality between mature and small enterprises can lead to the need for BIM Experts. The absence of capable human resources related to BIM can cause inaccurate spending on public facilities development allocation. In 2023, for instance, the Batu Market rebuilding budget reached 167 billion Rupiahs, which rose 15 billion Rupiahs from the previous year. Unfortunately, this considerable number failed to reduce fossil fuel-based Energy Consumption by excessively using artificial lighting. As a primary-level green building, this 3.4-hectare building was designed to use only 1.837,51 kWh/year of energy from lighting. Still, after it is constructed, it takes 2.111,11 kWh/year because the engineers need BIM-related skills to calculate energy consumption correctly.
In February 2023, I attended Architects of Indonesia Ethic Code and Regulation training to become one of the 23.519 members of IAI (Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia). My involvement in this 60-year professional organization taught me that there is also an issue with the regulation of BIM implementation in Indonesia. Significant legal regulation is needed regarding the widespread application of BIM-based design. That can lead to misunderstanding on the investor-designer-executor line, e.g., in documentation delivery form or model’s level of detail. Such conflicts can lead to delays on the construction sites, resulting in additional costs or even long-lasting lawsuits.
Due to previous challenges, Indonesia is urged to learn BIM from another country. I observe that the United Kingdom (UK) is leading the adoption of BIM worldwide. UK has made the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 19650 an international standard for BIM. Furthermore, since 2010, the UK Government has been using BIM on its capital projects and has targeted to save costs 15-20%. The 2012 London Olympic Stadium is a well-known advanced project using BIM technology. The UK government also has made extensive progress in making construction BIM mandatory since 2016.
I researched the UK universities which provide BIM as a program. I compare them using four criteria, which are (1) modules offered, (2) learning method, (3) course ranking by subject, and (4) research quality. MSc Building Information Modelling and Digital Transformation at the University of Liverpool meets my criteria. Besides covering all BIM-related subjects distinctively, it offers BIM-enabled Sustainability subjects that explain how we can enhance the performance of a building using BIM features. On top of that, this module will explore variable tools to achieve zero-net carbon emission by assembling shapes, positions, textures of materials, and other building components. This will enrich me as a BIM coordinator shortly. I also have contacted Professor Arto Kiviniemi, MSc Arch, PhD, one of the leading experts in BIM, which he has developed since 1996.
Recently, I was trained to become one of the assessors of Green Building in Indonesia, which is targeted to lower GHG emissions by assisting communities, companies, and local governments. Therefore, pursuing BIM as a master's degree program in the UK with the support of an LPDP scholarship is a relevant milestone for my contribution to MPWH and Indonesia. Moreover, based on RPJPN 2005-2024, Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) is supposed to become a World-class bureaucrat to promote global competitiveness, integrity, professionalism, networking, and entrepreneurship. As an engineer in building and housing (Jabatan Fungsional Teknik Tata Bangunan dan Perumahan), I am responsible for enhancing my knowledge, such as producing books to get credits. After getting my master's degree, I can make a manual book to bridge BIM implementation, for instance, to make the digital monitoring report using BIM and put BIM requirements in our project’s Term of Reference (TOR). It will direct our state-fund projects to have more sustainable considerations, like ensuring that the carbon embodied from construction materials is calculated using BIM before approval. In addition, with my skill and knowledge, I can help our unit to give official memos as well as assist local governments and other construction-related stakeholders.
Indonesia plans to become the 4th largest economy in the world in 2045. Based on RPJPN 2025-2045, our GDP is estimated to reach $30.300 from the baseline of $5.108 in 2023. We also aim to reduce 93,5% of our GHG emissions, which is aligned with Indonesia’s commitment to UN Sustainable Development. One strategy is the Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) Framework, where Indonesia’s infrastructure development is expected to attract sustainable investment globally. Last year, our construction industry contributed 1.124 trillion rupiah, or 9.8% of GDP. Therefore, accelerating digital transformation is crucial to achieving sustainable infrastructure development for increasing our economy.
In response to that, I plan to become Direktur Jenderal Bina Konstruksi in 2045, who will lead Indonesia’s construction industry, company, and workforce transformation by narrowing inequality access to technology, simplifying regulation, shifting to digital construction paperwork, and increasing competitiveness. I divided my strategy into 5 important milestones in which I should get promoted every five years. Starting from 2025, when I will become PPK and proceed to become Kepala Satuan Kerja in 2035. During these 10 years of contributing to fieldwork, I also plan to participate in our new capital city (IKN) development as BIM coordinator to make sure that there would be data available about how many GHG emissions we succeeded in reducing. To support this, I need to continually become the best employee and equip myself with certifications such as SKK-BGH (Sertifikat Kompetensi Kerja-Bangunan Gedung Hijau), SKK BIM, and join professional associations related to BIM and Green Building. In the last 10 years of my career roadmap, between 2035 and 2045, I will move to the policy-making job. The first strategy is to filter our bidding documents requirements and the construction provider qualification, guaranteeing that it supports sustainability and digital transformation. Furthermore, I will drive construction material and technology innovations. Hopefully, it will allow me to correctly measure Indonesia’s GHG emission reduction from the construction industry and regulate the stakeholders involved to be more aware of this worrying global warming issue.
My goal is to take an essential part in the world's most challenging effort: limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius in 2050 by cutting 45% of current GHG in 2030. According to the UNEP 2022 report, there is only a 66% chance of success with only 50 scenarios we need to deliver successfully. Otherwise, our children and future generations will not be able to possess the world we have today. It is hard, but it is achievable. With grit and perseverance, collaboration and trust, someday, we can look our children in the eye and say that we have already done our best to cut emissions and prevent catastrophes from happening to them.
"My dream might be too high, but only when we take responsibility for our world do we discover how powerful we truly are."
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